第二十三章 指尖如酒
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reflectivepaper
◆theoryxandtheoryy
in1960，，，onthecontrary，
，
inmyopinion，theschoolwhichadoptstheoryxmaybecomemoreandmorerigid，butitcanalsorunsmoothly，，，
，thenewteacherscanalsobeintimidated，orconfused，ascribingvariousfactors，suchasschoolmanagementsystem’sintegrity，andtheteacher’
◆mutualpurpose
，，(2004)
，theirpersonalinterestmayconflictwiththeorganization’，
withaspecificandpracticalpurpose，inductioncanbemoreeffective，reallyservesforlearning，
◆classicalorganizationaltheory
itisthecontraryoftaylor’，insteadoftheindividualworker，，，
◆organizationalculture
thistermcangobackto193-s
◆basicassumptions
basicassumptionsareaboutpeople’snature，thenatureofhumanrelationships，thenatureofhumanactivity，:freedom-determinism，rationality-irrationality，holism-elemetalism，constitutionalism-environmentalism，subjectivity-objectivity，proactivity-reactivity，homeostasis-heterostasis，andknowability-
theprinciplecanusethetheoryofbasicassumptionstounderstandtheemployees，，theymayoptimisticandwillingtocontribute，，
◆intelligence
in1904，’，，，thestudentswhoareespeciallygiftedwithhighiqmayfindtheregularcurriculumtooeasy，，-
later，onthebasisofiq，’
◆humancapital
，becausehumanbeingsarechangeable，，usingsomespecificpsychologicalprinciplesconcerninghumanresources，canfacilitatetheprincipletotrain，motivate，
employmentcanbedifficult，，butalsopromoteaschool’
◆learningorganization
stayingcompetitiveintoday’，evenpredict，:anorganization，
inalearningorganization，-of-artknowledge，，
◆contingencyview
thecontingencyviewholdsthatthereisnoonebestwayofmanagingunderallconditions，-contingentfactorsthataffectaleader＇
theleaders，whocanactuallyexertcontroloverthestaff，excellentlygettaskinvolved，eptedbythesubordinates，，maygivedifferentinductionstodifferentnewteachers，
◆likert’sfoursystems
system1:exploitive-authoritative(orpunitive-authoritarian)，theleaderhasalowconcernforpeopleandusessuchmethodsasthreatsandotherfear-;system2:benevolent-authoritative(orpaternalistic-authoritarian)，theresponsibilityliesatthemanageriallevelsbutnotatthelowerlevelsoftheorganizationalhierarchy;system3:consultativesystem，thesuperiorhassubstantialbutnotcomplete，trustandconfidenceinhissubordinates;4:theparticipative(orgroupinteractive)modelofanorganizationalsystem，superiorshavecompleteconfidenceintheirsubordinates，
lowerthenumber，，
theleaderinexploitive-authoritativeconcernlittleforpeople，andpreferstousefear-，itcanalsostiflepeople’screativity，，essfulschools’leadersshouldpreferparticipativestyle，
手机用户请浏览阅读，更优质的阅读体验。
reflectivepaper
◆theoryxandtheoryy
in1960，，，onthecontrary，
，
inmyopinion，theschoolwhichadoptstheoryxmaybecomemoreandmorerigid，butitcanalsorunsmoothly，，，
，thenewteacherscanalsobeintimidated，orconfused，ascribingvariousfactors，suchasschoolmanagementsystem’sintegrity，andtheteacher’
◆mutualpurpose
，，(2004)
，theirpersonalinterestmayconflictwiththeorganization’，
withaspecificandpracticalpurpose，inductioncanbemoreeffective，reallyservesforlearning，
◆classicalorganizationaltheory
itisthecontraryoftaylor’，insteadoftheindividualworker，，，
◆organizationalculture
thistermcangobackto193-s
◆basicassumptions
basicassumptionsareaboutpeople’snature，thenatureofhumanrelationships，thenatureofhumanactivity，:freedom-determinism，rationality-irrationality，holism-elemetalism，constitutionalism-environmentalism，subjectivity-objectivity，proactivity-reactivity，homeostasis-heterostasis，andknowability-
theprinciplecanusethetheoryofbasicassumptionstounderstandtheemployees，，theymayoptimisticandwillingtocontribute，，
◆intelligence
in1904，’，，，thestudentswhoareespeciallygiftedwithhighiqmayfindtheregularcurriculumtooeasy，，-
later，onthebasisofiq，’
◆humancapital
，becausehumanbeingsarechangeable，，usingsomespecificpsychologicalprinciplesconcerninghumanresources，canfacilitatetheprincipletotrain，motivate，
employmentcanbedifficult，，butalsopromoteaschool’
◆learningorganization
stayingcompetitiveintoday’，evenpredict，:anorganization，
inalearningorganization，-of-artknowledge，，
◆contingencyview
thecontingencyviewholdsthatthereisnoonebestwayofmanagingunderallconditions，-contingentfactorsthataffectaleader＇
theleaders，whocanactuallyexertcontroloverthestaff，excellentlygettaskinvolved，eptedbythesubordinates，，maygivedifferentinductionstodifferentnewteachers，
◆likert’sfoursystems
system1:exploitive-authoritative(orpunitive-authoritarian)，theleaderhasalowconcernforpeopleandusessuchmethodsasthreatsandotherfear-;system2:benevolent-authoritative(orpaternalistic-authoritarian)，theresponsibilityliesatthemanageriallevelsbutnotatthelowerlevelsoftheorganizationalhierarchy;system3:consultativesystem，thesuperiorhassubstantialbutnotcomplete，trustandconfidenceinhissubordinates;4:theparticipative(orgroupinteractive)modelofanorganizationalsystem，superiorshavecompleteconfidenceintheirsubordinates，
lowerthenumber，，
theleaderinexploitive-authoritativeconcernlittleforpeople，andpreferstousefear-，itcanalsostiflepeople’screativity，，essfulschools’leadersshouldpreferparticipativestyle，
手机用户请浏览阅读，更优质的阅读体验。